●  Physical attack in Kraków

On 5 August, a man confronted two Ukrainians on Polonijna Street in Kraków, shouting and making threats. He chased a Ukrainian man, then struck a Ukrainian woman who was simply walking past him on the shoulder. The incident was recorded on video and later posted online.

The victims contacted emergency services and filed a police report the following day. The woman did not suffer injuries. Kraków police said they were investigating whether the incident should be classified as an assault or as hate-incitement, while also examining what happened before the recording began.